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Executive Order 9066 Rescinded

President Gerald R. Ford issues Proclamation 4417 rescinding Executive Order 9066: “We now know what we should have known then – not only was that evacuation wrong, but Japanese-Americans were and are loyal Americans….I call upon the American people to affirm with me this American Promise-that we have learned from the tragedy of that long-ago experience forever to treasure liberty and justice for each individual American, and resolve that this kind of action shall never again be repeated.”
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Hawaii AJAs Interned on Mainland

First Hawaii AJAs are sent from the Sand Island detention camp on Oahu to Mainland prison facilities in the continental US; more follow in 1942 and 1943. Over 600 are sent from Hawaii to Mainland imprisonment. Eventually, many of their families are allowed to join them.

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Hawaii AJAs Saved From Mass Internment

Lt. Gen. Delos C. Emmons, Hawaii’s military governor, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, and prominent local leaders argue successfully against mass forced internment of Hawaii Japanese. This is foreshadowed by General Emmons’ immediate creation of the Morale Section and subsequent deflection of direction from the War Department in Washington DC to begin mass internment.

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Lt. Gen. Emmons Appointed Military Governor

Ten days after the Pearl Harbor attack, Lt. Gen. Delos C. Emmons is appointed as the Military Governor of the Territory of Hawaii and commander of the Hawaii Department of the U.S. Army. A 1909 graduate of West Point, Emmons served most of his career in the development of the Army Air Force. He is familiar with Hawaii having previously served two years there as the commander of the 18th Composite Wing, and Air Officer of Hawaiian Department.

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Martial Law Declared in Hawaii

11:30 am – Martial law declared in the Territory of Hawaii: habeas corpus suspended; mandatory curfew; gas rationing; civil courts closed; mail/press censored. The civilian governor becomes subordinate to the Military Governor.

Territorial governors wartime:

Joseph B. Poindexter (1934-1942)

Ingram M. Stainback (1942-1951)

Military governors:

Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short – December 7-17 1941

Lt. Gen. Delos C. Emmons – December 17, 1941-June 1, 1943

Lt. Gen. Robert C. Richardson – June 1, 1943-October 24, 1944

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Military Governor Establishes AJA Unit

Morale Section of the Military Governor’s Office established, headed by Shigeo Yoshida, Hung Wai Ching, and Charles Loomis. Very important subcommittees were created in this wartime element of the Territorial government, in particular the Emergency Service Committee, which worked with the Americans of Japanese ancestry community.

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President Roosevelt Dies

President Franklin D. Roosevelt collapses and dies at 1:00 p.m. at his retreat in Warm Springs, Georgia, at the age of 63 of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vice President Harry S. Truman sworn in as the 33rd President at 7:09 p.m. at the White House. He had been in office less than three months and had rarely seen FDR and had not been briefed about the development of the atomic bomb.
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US Drops Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima

Hiroshima was bombed at 8:15 a.m. with the Little Boy atomic bomb released from the B-29 aircraft Enola Gay. At least 80,000 people died instantly as the ground temperature reached 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit in less than one second. Thousands more died later of radiation sickness.
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US Drops Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki

Nagasaki was struck at 11:02 a.m. with the Fat Man plutonium device that was 40 percent more powerful the bomb used on Hiroshima. It was dropped from the B-29 aircraft named Bock’s Car. Bad weather had forced the crew to aim for Nagasaki, its secondary target, and the city of Kokura was thus spared. After five years, over 100,000 deaths were attributable to the bombing.
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